一:场景描述

对于线上大流量服务或者需要上报日志的nginx服务,每天会产生大量的日志,这些日志非常有价值。可用于计数上报、用户行为分析、接口质量、性能监控等需求。但传统nginx记录日志的方式数据会散落在各自nginx上,而且大流量日志本身对磁盘也是一种冲击。

我们需要把这部分nginx日志统一收集汇总起来,收集过程和结果需要满足如下需求:

  • 支持不同业务获取数据,如监控业务,数据分析统计业务,推荐业务等。
  • 数据实时性
  • 高性能保证

二:技术方案

得益于openresty和kafka的高性能,我们可以非常轻量高效的实现当前需求,架构如下:

方案描述:

  • 1:线上请求打向nginx后,使用lua完成日志整理:如统一日志格式,过滤无效请求,分组等。
  • 2:根据不同业务的nginx日志,划分不同的topic。
  • 3:lua实现producter异步发送到kafka集群。
  • 4:对不同日志感兴趣的业务组实时消费获取日志数据。

三:相关技术

四:安装配置

为了简单直接,我们采用单机形式配置部署,集群情况类似。

1.准备openresty依赖:

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apt-get install libreadline-dev libncurses5-dev libpcre3-dev libssl-dev perl make build-essential

或者:

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yum install readline-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel gcc

2. 安装编译openresty:

(1):安装openresty:
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cd /opt/nginx/ # 安装文件所在目录  
wget https://openresty.org/download/openresty-1.9.7.4.tar.gz
tar -xzf openresty-1.9.7.4.tar.gz /opt/nginx/

配置:
指定目录为/opt/openresty,默认在/usr/local。

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./configure --prefix=/opt/openresty   
--with-luajit
--without-http_redis2_module
--with-http_iconv_module
make
make install

3.安装lua-resty-kafka

下载lua-resty-kafka:

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wget https://github.com/doujiang24/lua-resty-kafka/archive/master.zip  
unzip lua-resty-kafka-master.zip -d /opt/nginx/

拷贝lua-resty-kafka到openresty

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mkdir /opt/openresty/lualib/kafka  
cp -rf /opt/nginx/lua-resty-kafka-master/lib/resty /opt/openresty/lualib/kafka/

4:安装单机kafka

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cd /opt/nginx/  
wget http://apache.fayea.com/kafka/0.9.0.1/kafka_2.10-0.9.0.1.tgz
tar xvf kafka_2.10-0.9.0.1.tgz

开启单机zookeeper

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nohup sh bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh config/zookeeper.properties > ./zk.log 2>&1 &

绑定broker ip,必须绑定
在config/servier.properties下修改host.name

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#host.name={your_server_ip}

启动kafka服务

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nohup sh bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server.properties > ./server.log 2>&1 &

创建测试topic

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sh bin/kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --create --topic test1 --partitions 1 --replication-factor 1

五:配置运行

开发编辑/opt/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 实现kafka记录nginx日志功能,源码如下:

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worker_processes  12;  

events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}

http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 0;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml application/X-JSON;
charset UTF-8;
# 配置后端代理服务
upstream rc{
server 10.10.*.15:8080 weight=5 max_fails=3;
server 10.10.*.16:8080 weight=5 max_fails=3;
server 10.16.*.54:8080 weight=5 max_fails=3;
server 10.16.*.55:8080 weight=5 max_fails=3;
server 10.10.*.113:8080 weight=5 max_fails=3;
server 10.10.*.137:8080 weight=6 max_fails=3;
server 10.10.*.138:8080 weight=6 max_fails=3;
server 10.10.*.33:8080 weight=4 max_fails=3;
# 最大长连数
keepalive 32;
}
# 配置lua依赖库地址
lua_package_path "/opt/openresty/lualib/kafka/?.lua;;";

server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location /favicon.ico {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location / {
proxy_connect_timeout 8;
proxy_send_timeout 8;
proxy_read_timeout 8;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 512 8k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 8k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
proxy_next_upstream http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass http://rc;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Connection "";
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
# 使用log_by_lua 包含lua代码,因为log_by_lua指令运行在请求最后且不影响proxy_pass机制
log_by_lua '
-- 引入lua所有api
local cjson = require "cjson"
local producer = require "resty.kafka.producer"
-- 定义kafka broker地址,ip需要和kafka的host.name配置一致
local broker_list = {
{ host = "10.10.78.52", port = 9092 },
}
-- 定义json便于日志数据整理收集
local log_json = {}
log_json["uri"]=ngx.var.uri
log_json["args"]=ngx.var.args
log_json["host"]=ngx.var.host
log_json["request_body"]=ngx.var.request_body
log_json["remote_addr"] = ngx.var.remote_addr
log_json["remote_user"] = ngx.var.remote_user
log_json["time_local"] = ngx.var.time_local
log_json["status"] = ngx.var.status
log_json["body_bytes_sent"] = ngx.var.body_bytes_sent
log_json["http_referer"] = ngx.var.http_referer
log_json["http_user_agent"] = ngx.var.http_user_agent
log_json["http_x_forwarded_for"] = ngx.var.http_x_forwarded_for
log_json["upstream_response_time"] = ngx.var.upstream_response_time
log_json["request_time"] = ngx.var.request_time
-- 转换json为字符串
local message = cjson.encode(log_json);
-- 定义kafka异步生产者
local bp = producer:new(broker_list, { producer_type = "async" })
-- 发送日志消息,send第二个参数key,用于kafka路由控制:
-- key为nill(空)时,一段时间向同一partition写入数据
-- 指定key,按照key的hash写入到对应的partition
local ok, err = bp:send("test1", nil, message)

if not ok then
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "kafka send err:", err)
return
end
';
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
}

六:检测&运行

1.检测配置,只检测nginx配置是否正确,lua错误日志在nginx的error.log文件中

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./nginx -t /opt/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

2.启动

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./nginx -c /opt/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

3.重启

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./nginx -s reload

七:测试

1:使用任意http请求发送给当前nginx,如:

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http://10.10.78.52/m/personal/AC8E3BC7-6130-447B-A9D6-DF11CB74C3EF/rc/v1?passport=83FBC7337D681E679FFBA1B913E22A0D@qq.sohu.com&page=2&size=10

2:查看upstream代理是否工作正常

3:查看kafka 日志对应的topic是否产生消息日志,如下:

从头消费topic数据命令

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sh kafka-console-consumer.sh --zookeeper 10.10.78.52:2181 --topic test1 --from-beginning

效果监测:

4:ab压力测试

单nginx+upstream测试:

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ab -n 10000 -c 100 -k http://10.10.34.15/m/personal/AC8E3BC7-6130-447B-A9D6-DF11CB74C3EF/rc/v1?passport=83FBC7337D681E679FFBA1B913E22A0D@qq.sohu.com&page=2&size=10

结果

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Server Software:        nginx
Server Hostname: 10.10.34.15
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /m/personal/AC8E3BC7-6130-447B-A9D6-DF11CB74C3EF/rc/v1?passport=83FBC7337D681E679FFBA1B913E22A0D@qq.sohu.com
Document Length: 13810 bytes
Concurrency Level: 100
Time taken for tests: 2.148996 seconds
Complete requests: 10000
Failed requests: 9982
(Connect: 0, Length: 9982, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors: 0
Keep-Alive requests: 0
Total transferred: 227090611 bytes
HTML transferred: 225500642 bytes
Requests per second: 4653.34 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 21.490 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 0.215 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 103196.10 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.1 0 2
Processing: 5 20 23.6 16 701
Waiting: 4 17 20.8 13 686
Total: 5 20 23.6 16 701
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 16
66% 20
75% 22
80% 25
90% 33
95% 41
98% 48
99% 69
100% 701 (longest request)

单nginx+upstream+log_lua_kafka接入测试:

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ab -n 10000 -c 100 -k http://10.10.78.52/m/personal/AC8E3BC7-6130-447B-A9D6-DF11CB74C3EF/rc/v1?passport=83FBC7337D681E679FFBA1B913E22A0D@qq.sohu.com&page=2&size=10

结果

Server Software:        openresty/1.9.7.4
Server Hostname:        10.10.78.52
Server Port:            80
Document Path:          /m/personal/AC8E3BC7-6130-447B-A9D6-DF11CB74C3EF/rc/v1?passport=83FBC7337D681E679FFBA1B913E22A0D@qq.sohu.com
Document Length:        34396 bytes
Concurrency Level:      100
Time taken for tests:   2.234785 seconds
Complete requests:      10000
Failed requests:        9981
   (Connect: 0, Length: 9981, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors:           0
Keep-Alive requests:    0
Total transferred:      229781343 bytes
HTML transferred:       228071374 bytes
Requests per second:    4474.70 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       22.348 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.223 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          100410.10 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0    0   0.2      0       3
Processing:     6   20  27.6     17    1504
Waiting:        5   15  12.0     14     237
Total:          6   20  27.6     17    1504
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%     17
  66%     19
  75%     21
  80%     23
  90%     28
  95%     34
  98%     46
  99%     67
100%   1004 (longest request)